A Ricardian rationale for the WTO rules on R&D subsidies

The Economics of WTO Rules on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

developing a pattern based on speech acts and language functions for developing materials for the course “ the study of islamic texts translation”

هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه ی الگویی بر اساس کنش گفتار و کارکرد زبان برای تدوین مطالب درس "بررسی آثار ترجمه شده ی اسلامی" می باشد. در الگوی جدید، جهت تدوین مطالب بهتر و جذاب تر، بر خلاف کتاب-های موجود، از مدل های سطوح گفتارِ آستین (1962)، گروه بندی عملکردهای گفتارِ سرل (1976) و کارکرد زبانیِ هالیدی (1978) بهره جسته شده است. برای این منظور، 57 آیه ی شریفه، به صورت تصادفی از بخش-های مختلف قرآن انتخاب گردید...

The WTO’s SCM Agreement and R&D Subsidies: A Ricardian Analysis and Evidence from Korea∗

The WTO’s SCM Agreement contained a safe harbor for R&D subsidies from 1995 to 1999, but reclassified R&D subsidies as actionable since 2000. We theoretically analyze the basis for regulating R&D subsidies and empirically assess whether the SCM Agreement has had any impact on government’s support for R&D subsidies. We modify and develop a Ricardian trade model in which R&D subsidies can be desi...

Automatic Stabilizers and Monetary Rules in a Ricardian Economy

We analyze the effect of the fiscal structure upon the trade-off between inflation and output stabilization in presence of technological shocks and deficit or debt objectives in a DGE model with nominal inertia. The model is calibrated to reproduce the main long-run and business cycle features of European economies, and it integrates a rich menu of fiscal variables, including fiscal rules. Thes...

A Firm Delocation Theory of WTO Subsidy Rules

I construct a theory of trade agreements in which nations negotiate over both domestic policies and trade policies in a monopolistically competitve setting. My theory contributes to two trade policy questions: …rst, what problems do trade agreements solve? Second, what explains the evolution of domestic subsidy rules between the GATT and the WTO? I show that trade agreements must solve a …rm-de...